Among the skill sets possessed by surgreen, is the trade of non destructive testing, also referred to as non destructive examination within the American reference codes. The particular area of expertise specialised in by surgreen, is that of surface methods of inspection. Primarily, magnetic particle inspection.
This process of inspection involves the application of magnetic flux to a ferromagnetic material and the simultaneous distribution of a similarly ferromagnetic inspection medium. Although that brief description of the technique may seem complicated, it is in actuality very simple.
The science behind the process is also straightforward but does require a certain degree of study to allow the technicians to further understand the implications of whatever indications they may see.
Magnets have a pair of poles, north and south. As the readers may well know, those poles behave in a predictable fashion. They will both attract ferromagnetic material to themselves, however, a south pole directed at a south pole will repulse each other. This behaviour may be summed up with the statement that like poles repel and opposite poles attract.
This behaviour is of basically no especial importance to this discussion, though it is important to understand that the two opposite poles are present in order to understand this brief explanation of magnetic particle inspection.
A frequently used tool in magnetic particle inspection is the hand held yoke. It is a compact electromagnet where the coils are contained within the hand piece and the magnetic flux produced is directed through two segmented and flexible prods. These prods are placed on the surface undergoing testing and electrical power applied. Lines of magnetic force or magnetic flux are produced in the ferro-magnetic component and in the surrounding air.
The lines of magnetic force will emanate through the component in concentric rings and due to a further condition arising, eddy currents will be created between the 2 poles. For the requirements of this article, it will suffice to say that a line of magnetic force will flow linearly between the north and south poles of the yoke.
Should any surface breaking discontinuity in the component being tested be present, magnetic flux will leak from this discontinuity and attract the ferromagnetic particles applied by the tech. Such particles are generally, though not always, administered as a suspension in a fluid.
Prior to testing, the area of test will often have been painted white and the particles will be of a contrasting black colour. Any discontinuity arising in this painted region will present an evident indication upon the synchronised application of magnetising force and examination medium.
Surgreen thanks you for taking the time to read this short article.
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